关系代词which

学会了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句这个知识点英语水平直接晋升一个境界。

① 指代主句中的各类名词或代词。

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.中国的首都北京已经发展成一个国际化的城市。

Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot.

由八个主要岛屿组成的夏威夷是最佳的度假胜地。

Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout much of the world.

水稻在很多国家都种植，现已成为世界上很多地方的主食。

Goats, which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia, have provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times.

山羊最早于9,000年前在亚洲被驯化，自史前时代以来一直为人们提供羊奶、羊肉和羊毛。

An elephant, which is the earth’s largest land mammal, has few natural enemies other than human beings.

大象是陆地上最大的哺乳类动物，除了人类之外几乎没有其他的天敌。

The blue whale, which can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons, is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.

蓝鲸被认为是地球上迄今为止最大的动物，长可达100英尺，重可达150吨。

These trees，which I planted three years ago，were cut by government.

这些树是我三年前栽的，被政府砍了。

York， which I visited last year， is a nice old city.

纽约，去年我去参观过，那是一座非常古老的城市。

His brother has become an engineer ,which he wanted to be.

他的哥哥已经成为一名工程师，他也想成为一名工程师。

I have fond memories of my hometown, which is situated in a valley.

我对我那坐落在山谷中的故乡充满了美好的记忆。

② 指代主句中的形容词。

She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.

她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。

She is always careless，which we should not be.
她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。

③ which指代主句中的某个从句。

He said that he will love her forever，which was not true.

他说他会爱她一辈子，这不是真的。

He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。

④ which指代整个主句或一长串句子。

He never has problems in his study, which was admired by his teacher.

他学习上从来没出过问题，他的老师很欣赏这点。（which在从句中充当主语）

The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running，which meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

这家电影院的主人需要做很多改进，雇佣更多的人来维持它的运营，这意味着要花费数万英镑。（which在从句中充当主语）

Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，which， of course， made the others unhappy.

多萝西总是高度赞扬她在剧中的角色，这当然使其他人不高兴。

He may have serious stomachache，which makes him keep vomiting .

他可能有严重的胃病，这导致他不停地呕吐。（which在从句中充当主语）

He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了， 这是对他成功的一种庆祝。（which在从句中充当主语）

The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.

实验结果非常好，这是我们没有预料到的。（which在该定语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语）

He was educated at a local grammar school，after which he went on to Cambridge.

他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育，然后去了剑桥。

which 指代前面整个主句，after which在从句中作状语

说明：

which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。试比较：

a. The food which wasn’t in the fridge all went off.

　　不在冰箱里的那些食物变质了。

b. The food, which wasn’t in the fridge, all went off.

　　食物都变质了，因为它们没有放在冰箱里。

　　解析：在a句中，定语从句的关系代词前没有加逗号，采用的是限制性定语从句的形式，意思是“不在冰箱里的那些食物变质了”，这就暗含着“只有部分食物变质了”的含义。而在b句中，定语从句的关系代词前添加了逗号，采用的是非限制性定语从句的形式，意思是“食物都变质了，因为它们没有放在冰箱里”，此时是“所有的食物都变质了”，这里的定语从句是补充说明“食物变质”的原因。